Which cement is versatile and the least irritating to the pulp?

Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) is known for its versatility in dental applications and its relatively gentle interaction with the dental pulp. One of its key characteristics is its soothing effect, which can help to minimize irritation and inflammation of the pulp tissue, making it particularly useful in procedures where the dental pulp is at risk of exposure or irritation, such as in temporary restorations or as a base under other restoratives.

ZOE's properties include excellent sealing capabilities and the ability to provide thermal insulation, contributing to its effectiveness as a temporary cement. Additionally, its antibacterial qualities further enhance its performance in dental procedures, as it can help to mitigate the risk of infection.

The other materials listed, while useful in different contexts, do not match ZOE in terms of both versatility and pulp irritation. Composite resins, for example, are primarily used for aesthetic restorations and do not possess the same soothing properties for the pulp as ZOE. Glass ionomer has good bonding to tooth structure but may not be considered as versatile across different clinical situations as ZOE. Calcium hydroxide, while highly effective in pulp capping and has a stimulating effect on dentin formation, is used more specifically in certain scenarios involving direct contact with pulp and may be less versatile in